CIOMS cited

Vaccination remains a cornerstone of public health, yet monitoring vaccine safety is essential to sustain confidence and guide policy. India’s large birth cohort, complex health system, and recurrent mass immunization campaigns necessitate a robust vaccine pharmacovigilance framework. This review systematically evaluates India’s vaccine safety surveillance landscape, including institutional mechanisms, surveillance models, causality assessment, and operational lessons from major immunization initiatives, to propose strategic priorities for 2025–2030.

Data ethics has emerged as a branch of the evolving ethical domain, particularly in addressing the ethical challenges associated with data processing, algorithms, and their applications. Ethical governance is crucial for sharing and utilizing medical scientific data. Ethical reviews serve as a practical embodiment of ethical principles, ensuring their implementation and protection within data-centric strategies and protocols. The author outlines the scope of data ethics norms, establishes a data ethics review framework based on international advancements, and analyses the applicability of basic ethical principles applied to data ethics.